I have always considered that 3 malaises need to be fixed if we were to ‘liberate’ India. The very good thing is that we are a democracy and have over last 59 years of our electoral history has demonstrtated again and again that people’s will cannot be turned down. We have a documented history of tolerance and pluralism.

1. Electoral reforms to make democracy more accountable and ’empower’ people as we have seen that the current electoral mechanisms have actually resulted in the fiefdom of crminlas and goons and the common man has no say.
2. Corruption has to be weeded out. In this regard, the shackles of governmnet control on many things must be liberalized.
3. Even though we are a secular country ,religion has been a constant shadow in our polity. This must go. For a secular country, religion has no official place and is for personal use. You cannot divide people of a secular state into minorities and majorities and accord special rights based on religion. Uniform civil code should be implemented asap and will go a long way in ensuring a secular, equitable and just society. The National Minority Commission must go.
Gandhiji also said: ” We must get rid of the miasma of majority and minority”.

Similarly, reservation must be phased out with an aletrnative mechanism being brought into place (identify people on the basis of economic status and provide them the opportunities for education and growth). In a secular country, where is the place for identifying people as Dalits and non-dalits? Why political parties create minorities cells in their organizations (including BJP which claims its inspiration for RSS- the parent organization which refuses to identify Hindus along caste base!)!

Given below is a book review by MV Kamath. A must read for everyone.

“Insight into Minoritism” written by By Muzaffer Hussain

In almost all countries in the world, a certain segment -ethnic, religious, linguistic or ideological would be in the majority and some others would be in a minority. That is inevitable. A multi-cultural nation like the United States has its majority and minorities as well, but one seldom talks about them. The biggest minority would be the Blacks, but whoever would think of providing reservation for them in the Senate or Congress or in government service?
Indeed in older textbooks on political science there would hardly be any reference to majoritarianism and minoritarianism. These are recently-coined words. But India is different. Here we constantly talk of minorities as if they are a plague and we even have a Minority Commission! It is a carry over from British colonialism. Nobody in India talked of a majority or a minority in the days of Tipu Sultan or during hayed of Mogul rule. Hindus were even then in a majority but they were often treated as if they were non-existent. Hindus were made aware of their majority status during the time of the British, as were Muslims of their minority place in society.
That may have been a display – and a distorted one at that – of British sense of Justice, but the consequences were severe, resulting, for one thing, in partition of the country. Reference has been made to this in Muzaffer Hussain’s well-argued book Insight into Minoritism, which goes into the subject in different contexts and in some detail. Minorities have been dealt with very poorly in Pakistan and Bangladesh, India’s immediate neighbours. Hussain draws pointed attention to that.
Says Hussain: “There is a sizeable population of Hindus in the Gulf countries but those countries are not ready to give any facility to them in the name of minority or Human Rights. The Hindus are not allowed there to cremate their kith and kin as per their belief. They can’t construct places for worship nor can they celebrate their festivals at public places. During the Ramzan, non-Muslims can’t eat anything at daytime in public places. The Muslims expect to get everything as minorities in the countries of Hindus, Buddhists and Christians but in Islamic countries the minorities don’t have such privilege..”
We have to blame history for that. In India, minorities like Jews, Parsis and Christians have full freedom. No Christian missionary dare try in an Islamic country, but in India every citizen, especially if he is a tribal or one from the lower caste, is fair game to Christian missionaries. In India propagation of religion is not a crime. The freedom given is often interpreted to mean that one can resort to conversion, which is frequently resorted to in tribal areas. It started under the British when missionaries flooded the northeast and converted large number of tribals to Christianity. Unconsciously this has caused problems for free India.
Hussain damns minoritism as a “menace” which it has indeed become. Hussain maintains that Christians and Muslims in India can’t be dubbed as minorities because they are very much Indian. As he puts it: When all are born and brought up in the Indian context, the question of ‘alien’ and ‘indigenous’ people don’t arise”. Hussain’s argument is that all over the world, a minority status is granted only to those classes, which have migrated from abroad. So he says: “Hence it is not proper to designate Muslims and Christians (of India) as aliens since they, too are very much Indian”.
All are one in this country where there is one citizenship for all and everyone is a part of this nation. The word ‘minority’ Hussain asserts, weakens the unity of the country and draws a dividing line between individuals”. How right he is. Hussain is critical of Muslims in India who, he says, haven’t accepted democracy. Inevitably the Islamic world has been gripped by fanaticism and narrow thinking. The point indeed was well made by Justice Chandrashekhar Dharmadhikari in his preface. Writes Mr Dharmadhikari: “India as a nation has suffered continuous tussles between the religious and orthodox religious fanaticism even after the creation of Pakistan. How many Muslim mohallas or Madarassas hoist the national flag and sing the national anthem collectively on the occasion of Independence Day!”
How many indeed. The former Justice adds: “To accept special rights for any community along with the provisions of equal human rights are mutually contradictory principles. This creates a controversy and the majority class begins to feel unprotected and adopts a defensive mechanism”. Hussain in his treatise goes into this subject in a special and separate chapter entitled “How to tackle minoritism”, He notes that there are three distinct approaches in handling minoritism”. In the Arab world minorities like Christians and Hindus have no political or religious rights. The second category belongs to western countries where religion is recognized but the country comes first. Religion has no role in framing laws and rule. National interest alone is taken into account. In the US, 18 per cent of the people are blacks but they are not given any minority status. Britain and France solved the problem by enforcing a uniform civil code. What should India do in the circumstances?
Hussain has his answer ready. He says: A uniform civil code is the only answer.” He points out that the Fundamental Rights as enumerated in the Constitution ensure religious freedom for all. As Hussain sees it, minorities will continue to exist in one from or another anywhere in the world. That is only but natural. The term ‘Minority’ Hussain concedes, is not in itself bad, but problems arise when it is used by vested interests, As he sees it, minoritism is a ‘deception’ practiced on human civilization of which one should be aware of. And majority communalism is a myth.
In a democracy, Hussain insists, it is essential to respect the opinion of the majority in day-today life. There haven’t been many treatises on this subject and Muzaffer Hussain’s attempt, almost the first of its kind, is highly praiseworthy. He has no hesitation in asking inconvenient questions. For example he asks: “How can Muslims who form between 15 to 20 per cent of India’s population consider themselves a minority?” Not many have dared to raise this question. Hussain has. All praise to him. This is a book that our policy-makers and politicians would do well to read. It may not necessarily have all the right answers, but it certainly raises all the right questions. And isn’t that what a good study should be all about?

Book review by M. V. Kamath, Free Press Journal,155pp, Delhi: India First Foundation, Price Rs.250

India is a democracy. It has an amazing diversity and a pluralistic society. It has a proven record of tolerance and has a system of human rights in place. People of all faiths live here (interestingly, even jews have lived in India though in a very insignificant number and Indian jews are the only jews who have not faced anti-semitism from Indians). As noble laureate Amartya Sen has pointed out in his book ‘The Argementative Indian’ (published 2005) that Indians have traditionally been democratic in their mind-set and democracy should not necessarily been seen as a heritage from British rule. He justifies this by saying that all the erstwhile British colonies are not democracies or successful democracies.

In a recent book, Modern India – the Origins of an Asian Democracy (1994), Judith M Brown, Professor of Commonwealth History at the University of Oxford writes: “India’s ability to sustain democratic forms of government and policies through the second half of this century is in sharp contrast to the experience of her Asian neighbours, and of most former colonies in Africa. There have been no military bids for power, and even Mrs Gandhi’s months of “Emergency Rule” (which many thought perilously close to dictatorship) were ended by the electors’ verdict in 1977. Despite phases of acute domestic strain and violence, the assassination of two Prime Ministers, and a number of armed conflicts with neighbours, she has also remained a stable, independent regional power. It is no wonder that India’s democratic experience has fascinated historians and political scientists”.

Now economically India is on the march! It is being described as a sleeping asian elephant which is waking upto its full potential. Everyone seems to be gung-ho about India, particularly when you see this discussion in foreign press. Here in US, as per Time magazine, when we talk of India, people think of doctors ,IT professioanls and as a potentail threat that some one will come and take away your job. “It deserves the new notice it has got in the U.S. We’re all about to discover: this elephant can dance.” , says Time. Talking of Indian media abroad, they proudly display the rising strength of NRIs and escalating property prices of Indian cities. India is on the rise, is the mantra being fed everywhere.

I donot necessarily disagree! I am proud of all this. Our former Prime Minister -Mr AB Vajpayee- said sometime in 2004- 5 that India will be a developed country by 2020. I have a great liking for this person, but this statement made me smile! What a political rhetoric! Let me say at the begining that we are marching ahead but our development has been very lop-sided.

Despite all this ‘feel-good’ environment, there are critical issues which need to be tackled if we are to progress as a nation:

We have solid foundation of democracy on papers. But today politics has become synonymous with corruption and criminals. Why am I complaining! I vote (ed) for them. Right! More than that, we need teeth in the democracy so that I can also be a partner in the system. We need reforms in our electoral process so that criminals cannot contest, we need the right to recall and many more things. This alone can salvage our democracy.

The bigger cities are have actualy aquired the shape of slum-cities. We boast of our cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkatta and Chennai: but the aspects like pollution, shanty -houses, noise, poor quality of life there does not bother us. The fact that the property prices there have shot up makes us ‘feel good’! What a poor way of looking at the things!
Why bigger cities continue to grow. Why the fruit of development are not reaching the villages! So much is the difference that you move away hardly 100 KM from the capital of India (delhi) and you feel as if you have come to a totally different world: lack of basic facilities. Is this what we envision about India?

The government instead of running hotels and petrol pumps(thankfully, govt is leaving hold of these things), it needs to provide basic educationa and health, social security and infrastructure to its citizens. Let there be no misgivings about this! Basic education and basic health is a still a dream to many and these ‘untouched people’ are our own people and this segment will hinder us from aquiring the status of a developed nation (the tag which we are so eager to aquire).

Thus the issue is not that of democracy. It is the quality of democracy. It is the question of governance. It is the quality of governance that matters. And we must strive to sharpen that.

The movie “The Da Vinci Code” (by Ron Howard ,released 2006) based upon the life ( or more appropriately one particular aspect) of Jesus Christ generated much controversy. This we all know well. What surprises me is that this movie is being shown in the libraries also (at least New York where I live). That is cool! I am surely impressed. As the tempers rose, the protests were carried out against this movie all over the world, notably in India also.

Deepa Mehta’s movie “water” (based upon the plight of Hindu widows in India) also met similar kinds of protests. I saw the movie in a Chicago downtown theatre and liked it (we were only 2 persons watching that particular late night show: me and my wife!!). It is fortunate that lesser number of widows have to face similar level of struggle and wrath from the society now. Things are changing and must change.

This reminds me India was the first ever country in the world to ban Salman Rushdie’s book (The Satanic Verses). So meek as we are or is it just a vote bank politics! For the records, we are also a secular state and freedom of expression is highly valued and as they say it is well -trenched in our way of life! The book is still banned in India though!

January 15 was Martin Luther King’s (MLK) Day and it was a public holiday here in the US. MLK would have turned 78 this year (2007).
His wife-Coretta Scott King – died last year (notably she was awarded Gandhi Peace Prize in 2004. This prize is instituted by India).
I am always fascinated by MLK and the cause he espoused during his short life time. His achievemnets become very important because of his application of the principle of non-violence. He replicated what Gandhiji did initially in South Africa and later in India. MLK fought for the rights of African -Americans and struggled to lessen the racial discrimination. From the media it is clear that race is still an important factor in this country. As Dr Richard J David- the Neonatologist in Chicago- who is always pro-active on issues related to the equal rights often says: race may not be biologically valid, but as a social concept it still persisits.